Saturday, October 4, 2014

A630.8.4.RB- Build a Tower, Build a Team



In less than seven minutes, you can learn, what Tom Wujec calls “very deep lessons about collaboration” (Wujec, 2010, n.p.). Imagine the scenario, you and three other team members are grouped together at a conference and are issued a challenge. A paper bag is handed out to your team, as well as other teams of four, are in competition. The instructions are simple, build the tallest freestanding structure with the contents in the bag in eighteen minutes. As you shake loose the tools from your bag you find twenty pieces of uncooked spaghetti, one yard of masking tape, one yard of string, and one marshmallow. The marshmallow must go on top of the structure.

The Marshmallow Challenge (you can review the comprehensive rules at http://marshmallowchallenge.com) “forces people to collaborate quickly” and many go about it in a patterned, predictable way that can be charted (Wujec, 2010, n.p.). Once the challenge is introduced the team talks about it, often members jockey for power, which is followed by a planning stage, a building process, and at the end as time draws to a close in the last few moments you arrive at the make it or break it moment, the big finale. This may end in glory while all marvel at your engineering wonder. It may also collapse along with your team’s dream of success. Apparently there are a lot of oh-oh moments.

Tom Wujec said he has done this with over seventy groups. Surprisingly there is a clear classification of which groups of people perform better and who perform the worst. The worst performers are recent business school graduates. A terrific punchline to this fact is that kindergarteners are one of the best performing groups, far superior to the MBAs. Kindergartners do better with this challenge, really? Why?

As I am also in pursuit of being a “business school graduate”, this is curiously alarming news. Apparently the children do better because no one is lobbying to be the CEO of Spaghetti, Inc., as Wujec offers. The business school students are trained to find the single, best way and spend a long time planning, quickly build the structure since time is running out and put the marshmallow on the top at the end. At this point you are either right or you are not. If you are not, you are about to have a game of twenty piece spaghetti pick up all over the table. On the other hand, the children start with the marshmallow and prototype with it until they are satisfied with their structure. It is an interesting view into how the two groups look at the task at hand and approach it.

I can see this making sense for a number of reasons. When we are younger there is a sense of freedom from the things that we learn to value as we transition into our adult lives. When we are young, we are not concerned with the nuances of failure, do not base self worth on a single task, nor embrace winning as a part of our identities. This is something we are taught over time. Children seem to think as they do. If something is going wrong they turn around and try again. Adults have to think and analyze to the point of delay. While there are more wonderful merits of critical thinking than shortcomings, trying to get it perfect by primarily planning and never making an attempt allows us to get in our own way in a challenge like this. Theory needs to be applied practically and then adjusted, thinking critically through what you just discovered in the trial run. Sometimes there is only one time to get it right, but are we conditioned to believe this is the case in every task we do?

As a child I had limitless imagination and was full of creativity. I remember having a difficult time transitioning because assignments were not interpretive and carefree after a certain age. There became a right way and a wrong way to do things. Children are not naturally afraid of the word no, but adults take it more seriously. Ten year old Casey could make a vivid, colorful landscape drawing. A Technicolor paradise with a purple sun and teal grass created for the purpose of wishing to go to a unique place. If you handed me a coloring page today, I have become so rigid with order and procedure it would be difficult for me not to make the picture are literal as possible. I feel that during the quest for uniform understanding of how we relate, it calls for precise language and symbolism so that we can easily communicate as a society. This also washes away imagination in order to implement sameness.

Interestingly, a group of CEOs do not perform as well as they would if an executive assistant is on the team. This is another punchline that happens to be true, too. In my view I see it as though there are ten CEOs, for example, that is ten types of people that generally know how to do one job, the same job. If you have ten people and one is an executive assistant, now you have representatives from two types of backgrounds or two pieces of the puzzle. Wujec also points out that they pay attention to the work, they understand the processes and have specialized skills in facilitation. I believe that CEOs are not the observers or gathers of information. They are presented the information and use their expert opinions to make decisions. If you could negotiate with the spaghetti or rally its support, perhaps then the CEOs would have a better chance going it alone without administrative assistance. Alas, I have never heard of a spaghetti whisperer.

This is an eye-opening, effective way to show work teams how they operate and relate to each other as a team. This would be a terrific challenge to use if I were facilitating a process intervention. I would also like to try out something a little different, too. I could be the mad scientist of social experimentation in the name of process intervention. I like to shake things up and see what comes about. While the brain juices are flowing from the marshmallow challenge I would like to give everyone five minutes to draw those throwback landscape pictures of my yesteryear for giggles to see if anyone made my purple sun. If my conjecture is correct, the trees, water, sky, and sun would be made their traditional colors. After the drawings were complete I would like to point out how lovely they all were, but that to innovate it is important to occasionally execute something that you do not normally do, there are no rules on a coloring page, it is blank and open to interpretation. We used to see this as children, but now it is usual to structure everything from our adult points of view. To push beyond what we always do and to improve any process or invent a better practice; being creative, including feeling able to be creative together, should be a tool you are comfortable pulling out of your back pocket from time to time. I would then ask the groups to get back together, take the same page, and decide how to color the picture. If for no other reason, this can show that process intervention is fun, but also allows different methods in a safe environment. If needing new ideas is needed in the group, this type of activity would allow the individuals and group to learn to diagnose and solve their own problems. 

Regardless the activity, though I would love to try out the coloring contest, there are relatable connections to process intervention. There are five areas that factor into group performance: communication, member roles and functions, leadership and authority, group norms and growth, and problem solving and decision making. To improve performance, group building and maintenance functions allow positive behaviors to help grow the member’s relationships (Brown, 2011). Harmonizing reduces conflict, encouraging helps develop ideas, quiet members feel able to contribute, and gatekeeping gives everyone a chance to be heard. More heads are better than one; if you pull from everyone’s strengths, you will have strengths you didn’t previously have within seconds of coming together. “A practitioner’s process interventions should be as brief and crisp as possible and focus on only one level of behavior at a time” (Brown, p. 203). There are many types of process interventions that can be used such as: clarifying, summarizing, synthesizing, probing, questioning, listening, reflecting feelings, providing support, coaching, counseling, modeling, setting the agenda, feeding back observations, and providing structural suggestions (Brown, 2011).
I love the marshmallow challenge and really enjoyed watching this video because it reminded me not to lose parts of myself, such as childlike wonder and the tenacity to keep going and tinkering until something is improved. Quitting or not trying is far more damaging to the task at hand than getting it wrong and working to fix it. This encourages me to practice this in all aspects of my life and to show others to do the same.

References:
Brown , D. (2011). An experiential approach to organizational development. (8th ed.). New Jersey:  Prentice Hall.

Tom Wujec: Build a tower, build a team | Video on TED.com. (February 2010). TED: Ideas worth spreading. Retrieved September 30, 2014, from http://www.ted.com/talks/tom_wujec_build_a_tower.html

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